Types and Characteristics of Electric Vehicle Batteries:
- Nickel-Cobalt-Aluminium (NCA) and Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt (NMC) Batteries
- Lithium-ion batteries with cobalt-rich cathodes.
- High energy density, ideal for high-performance vehicles like Tesla Model S.
- High cost and ethical concerns in cobalt mining.
- Lithium-Iron-Phosphate (LFP) Batteries
- Cathode composed of lithium iron phosphate.
- Durable, cost-effective, and safer alternative.
- Lower energy density and sensitivity to cold temperatures.
- Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) Batteries
- Anode made of metal hydride, cathode of nickel oxyhydroxide.
- Environmentally friendly and durable.
- Lower energy density and heavier compared to Li-ion batteries.
- Sodium-ion Batteries
- Similar to Li-ion batteries but use sodium ions.
- Lower cost and reduced environmental impact.
- Lower energy density compared to Li-ion batteries.
- Solid-State and Semi-Solid Batteries
- Utilize solid electrolytes, offering increased safety and energy density.
- Improved safety and longer lifespan.
- Deployment expected by 2030, ongoing development by manufacturers like BMW.
